Nanoscience And Nanotechnologies Are Not New

In a certain sense nanoscience and nanotechnology aren’t new. Chemists have made polymers that are huge molecules composed of nanoscale components, for a long time, and nanotechnologies have been utilized to make the tiny elements on computers over the last 30 years.

However, advancements in tools that enable individual molecules and atoms to be examined and analyzed with incredible precision have enabled the development and expansion of nanoscience and nanotechnology. With the advent of new tools, came new concepts that were fundamentally different and it became clear that the rules of mechanics that apply to the nanoworld are different from our normal, macroworld-based experience.

Particularly, the ongoing search to reduce the size of things has led to tools like the AFM (AFM) (read the in-depth explanation of the basics of what AFMs are and how they work) as well as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). When combined with sophisticated techniques like electron beam lithography (EBL), these tools permit the precise manipulation and creation of nanostructures (see our blog post about the way that high-speed AFM allows nanofabrication in real-time). It’s something that was impossible before.

There are currently a variety of instruments that are able to study the Nano mechanics of cell and biomolecular interactions. In addition to cantilever-based tools like the AFM and others, some examples include optical tweezers as well as magnetic pullers.

What Does Nano Tech Do?

Nanotech improves the efficiency of existing manufacturing processes, materials, and applications by making them smaller and more compact to the nanoscale to maximize the special quantum and surface effects that matter displays at the nanoscale. This is driven by businesses’ constant effort to improve their existing products by developing smaller components as well as better performing materials at a lower price.

This field of engineering covers all aspects involved in the design as well as the construction and operation of machines, engines and Nano-scale structures is known as nanoengineering (closely with the terms Nanofabrication as well as nanomanufacturing). The fundamental concept of nanotechnology engineering is concerned with nanoscale materials and their interactions to produce useful structures, materials, and devices. This includes Nano structuring, the nanopatterning process, and 3D printing (we discuss nanoengineering in thorough depth here).

One of the best examples of nanotechnology is an industry where nanoscale production techniques are utilized at a large scale across the entire semiconductor industry, where the device’s designs have reached the single nanometer size. Your smartwatch, smartphone or tablet are all containing millions of transistors on an electronic chip that is as big as the size of a finger nail.

What can nanotechnology accomplish? There’s virtually no area in which nanotechnology hasn’t been utilized in some way or form, such as surfaces, sensors, electrochemical components, membranes etc. In the field of medical as well as environmental water treatment, nanoelectronics, food and agricultural cosmetics, energy, batteries, aerospace and space automobile industries displays sporting equipment, and other.

If you choose “Introduction to Nanotechnology” from the menu bar on the right, you’ll find tons of articles covering all of these subjects in the column to the right.

A variety of products are classified by the term “nanotechnology product” because they contain nanoparticles in a form or another. For example some antimicrobial coatings have silver in nanoscale forms; cosmetics and food items have nanoparticles, and certain products are made from composite materials that contain nanomaterials (e.g. carbon nanotubes or fibers) to help strengthen the material.

Advanced fields of nanotechnology focus on Nanobiotechnology (the application of nanotechnologies to biomedical fields) and nanorobotics, and not be misunderstood with fictional nanorobots from science fiction.

Finally, A Word Of Caution

Really groundbreaking nanotech products as well as applications and materials, like nanorobotics are still years off (some claim only one or two years, others suggest that it will take many decades). What is “nanotechnology” today is basic research and development taking place in labs all over the world.

“Nanotech” products that are currently available are usually improved over time (using evolutionary nanotechnology) that use a Nano-enabled materials (such as carbon nanotubes graphene, nanocomposite structure or nanoparticles of a certain substance) or a nanotech process (e.g. quantum dots or nanopatterning for the medical image) is utilized for manufacturing.

There are also a myriad of health, environmental, and safety issues that come to nanotechnology as well as nanomaterials. For example what happens when nanomaterials get into your body or into the environment? These issues are discussed in detail in this article.

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